2003-2016年北极净初级生产力时空变化     

李海丽  柯长青  朱庆辉  舒苏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):111-121

The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.  相似文献   

Compression reference of soil structure evaluation with reconstituted clays at different initial water contents     

Ling-Ling Zeng  Zhen-Shun Hong  Yu-Jun Cui  Martin D. Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(7):759-767

  相似文献   

Chemical characteristics of chromian spinel in plutonic rocks: Implications for deep magma processes and discrimination of tectonic setting   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shoji Arai  Hidenobu Okamura  Kazuyuki Kadoshima  Chima Tanaka  Kenji Suzuki  Satoko Ishimaru 《Island Arc》2011,20(1):125-137

We summarize chemical characteristics of chromian spinels from ultramafic to mafic plutonic rocks (lherzolites, harzburgites, dunites, wehrlites, troctolites, olivine gabbros) with regard to three tectonic settings (mid‐ocean ridge, arc, oceanic hotspot). The chemical range of spinels is distinguishable between the three settings in terms of Cr# (= Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) and Ti content. The relationships are almost parallel with those of chromian spinels in volcanic rocks, but the Ti content is slightly lower in plutonics than in volcanics at a given tectonic environment. The Cr# of spinels in plutonic rocks is highly diverse; its ranges overlap between the three settings, but extend to higher values (up to 0.8) in arc and oceanic hotspot environments. The Ti content of spinels in plutonics increases, for a given lithology, from the arc to oceanic hotspot settings by mid‐ocean ridge on average. This chemical diversity is consistent with that of erupted magmas from the three settings. If we systematically know the chemistry of chromian spinels from a series of plutonic rocks, we can estimate their tectonic environments of formation. The spinel chemistry is especially useful in dunitic rocks, in which chromian spinel is the only discriminating mineral. Applying this, discordant dunites cutting mantle peridotites were possibly precipitated from arc‐related magmas in the Oman ophiolite, and from an intraplate tholeiite in the Lizard ophiolite, Cornwall.  相似文献   

青藏铁路多年冻土区典型土样冻胀率特性研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

程佳  赵相卿  杨晓明 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):863-866

青藏铁路穿越高原多年冻土区546km,沿线分布着各种地形地貌单元,包括盆地、高山区、高平原、谷地等,各处的地层岩性和冻土赋存环境各不相同．通过对青藏高原多年冻土区典型土样的冻胀率试验,分析了高原多年冻土的冻胀率与含泥量、含水率、干密度之间的规律．结果表明：高原冻土具有较大的冻胀率,其冻胀率随含泥量的增加而增加,随含水率...  相似文献   

大陆俯冲带流体活动:超高压变质岩矿物水含量和稳定同位素制约     

陈仁旭  郑永飞  龚冰 《岩石学报》2011,27(2):451-468

对超高压变质岩中含水矿物和名义上无水矿物的地球化学研究,极大地深化了我们对大陆碰撞带地壳俯冲和折返过程中流体体制的认识。就流体体制和化学地球动力学来说,有关研究在大别-苏鲁造山带进行的最为详细,因此已经成为研究大陆俯冲带变质的典型地区。本文以大别-苏鲁造山带为对象,从矿物水含量的角度,结合稳定同位素论述了大陆俯冲带流体活动。超高压变质岩中名义上无水矿物含有大量的水,以结构羟基和分子水形式存在。名义上无水矿物中结构羟基和分子水出溶与含水矿物分解共同构成了折返过程中退变质流体的主要来源。名义上无水矿物所释放的水以富集轻的氢氧同位素为特征,而含水矿物分解则提供了富集D的流体来源。折返过程中,名义上无水矿物降压脱水存在亏损D的分子水的优先丢失和不同形式水之间的相互转化。不同岩性的水含量差异导致了它们在折返过程中不同的流体活动行为。大陆板块俯冲和折返过程中,在不同矿物、不同岩性以及板片不同部位之间存在水的再分配;板片的一部分作为富水流体的源,而另一部分可能作为汇。  相似文献   

蒸发条件下土壤水分响应模拟          下载免费PDF全文

杨德军  ZHANG Ke-feng  张土乔 《水科学进展》2011,22(2):208-214

基于有限元(FEM)和改进的积分型Richards方程解法(IRE方法)对蒸发条件下5种土体土壤水分响应进行了研究.数值实验结果表明:在土壤表面潜在蒸发量0.50 cm/d的情况下,5种土体土壤含水率变化曲线均呈现单拐点两阶段的特点,拐点出现在地表下20cm左右,拐点上部区域曲线曲率大于下部区域,两阶段的划分以15d左右为界,前阶段比后阶段的土壤水分变化快;蒸发模拟结果很好的证明了蒸发三阶段理论.总蒸发量和下边界排水量与土壤结构密切相关,而总水量变化量和变化率与土壤质地有关.IRE方法与FEM模拟结果基本一致,解法相对简单,模拟结果可靠性高.  相似文献   

川东北地区海相烃源岩中单质硫的定性与定量分析     

张中宁  刘文汇  夏燕青  腾格尔  王作栋  高波  张殿伟  邱军利 《矿物岩石》2011,31(3)

利用定性与定量分析手段,研究了川东北地区各类海相烃源岩中的单质硫及其地球化学特征。定性分析表明,该区海相烃源岩中的单质硫具有八硫环状结构和六硫状环结构两种晶体构型,由S8和S6两种同素异形体组成,其中S8具有相对较高的丰度。定量分析表明,该区海相烃源岩中的单质硫含量为0.91×10-6～375.88×10-6,具有很宽的分布范围,并且随着烃源岩分布区域、地层时代以及岩性的不同而发生明显变化,表现出强烈的非均质性分布特征。该区海相烃源岩中单质硫含量与有机碳含量之间存在正相关关系,说明单质硫主要发育在富有机质沉积的层段中。通过单质硫含量与总硫含量对比分析,间接证明了川东北地区各类海相烃源岩中赋存有丰富的有机含硫化合物。  相似文献   

花岗岩残积粘性土加、卸荷抗剪强度分析     

于月娥  程小勇 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2011,22(1):115-121

以广州地区花岗岩残积粘性土为研究对象,通过击样法制备特定含水量试样,在不同压力下进行固结加、卸荷试验,对比分析试验数据,初步研究加、卸荷状态下花岗岩残积粘性土的抗剪强度变化,探寻先期固结压力、含水量与抗剪强度间规律。重塑残积土抗剪强度随含水量增加而减小;在先期固结压力相同的条件下,卸荷相对加荷试验条件下的土体强度显著减小,且减少值随残积土含水量的增加而逐渐减小,故在基坑开挖等卸荷工程项目中,应充分考虑卸荷对土体抗剪强度的影响,在卸荷工程中采用土体卸荷抗剪强度指标更符合工程实际。  相似文献   

阳城煤矿瓦斯地质规律研究     

孟彦如  王薇  刘海燕 《山东地质》2011,(6):14-17

运用沉积学、构造地质学、煤地质学、数学分析等相关学科和方法,综合分析瓦斯涌出量的地质构造、顶底板岩性、上覆基岩厚度等地质因素,对阳城地区瓦斯含量、涌出量进行量化预测,并作出其全井田瓦斯含量、涌出量的等值线图。研究表明,阳城井田属低瓦斯矿井,瓦斯含量的变化主要与煤层埋深有关,随着煤层上覆基岩厚度以及煤层埋深的增高,瓦斯含量与涌出量在区内由北向南有增高趋势。  相似文献   

页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李玉喜  乔德武  姜文利  张春贺 《地质通报》2011,30(203):308-317

页岩气为源岩区油气聚集,属于源岩滞留气,以游离和吸附状态为主存在。富有机质页岩含气量是页岩气资源评价和有利区优选的关键参数。页岩有机质含量和地层的压力、温度、湿度等因素影响页岩的含气量。含气量的确定方法主要有解吸和测井方法。开展页岩气地质评价,除含气量参数外,还要研究地层和构造特征、岩石和矿物成分、储层厚度和埋深、储集空间类型、储集物性、岩石力学参数、有机地球化学参数、区域现今应力场特征、流体压力、储层温度、流体饱和度、流体性质等其它参数。发展有效的系统集成方法,综合分析、评价页岩气资源潜力和预测有利区,目前也在不断探索之中。  相似文献